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George Sand (), the pen name of Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Franceuil, was one of the most important French novelists of the nineteenth century.

Her life dovetailed with a tumultuous period in French history that was bracketed by the Napoleonic Empire and the Third Republic, with revolution, war, and seesawing regimes in between.

Summary: “A biography of the celebrated nineteenth-century author George Sand.

Summary: “A biography of the celebrated nineteenth-century author George Sand.

George Sand's novels were the first grown- up books that Marcel Proust received as presents from his mother and his grandmother.

The French Romantic author George Sand subverted societal gender roles in both her daily life and her writing.

Instead of considering cross-dressing to be a form of masquerade, I propose that the cross-dressing protagonists of four nineteenth century French novels.

Diane de Poictiers and Ninon de l'Enclos were wildly adored at sixty.

Her parents were from opposite classes, representing the two poles of French society frequently in conflict during this era. Her father was an aristocrat and a distant relative of the King of Poland, while her mother was the working-class daughter of a billiard hall owner and bird vendor.

Though born in Paris, Sand spent much of her childhood at Nohant, the family estate in Berry where she was raised by her paternal grandmother. This house, surrounded by gardens and a woodland park, was enormously important to Sand, serving as a refuge and a source of inspiration for her myriad creative pursuits.

Sand’s extraordinary biography -- ful